THE FALLACY OF CONDUCTORS
Eric P. Dollard
"Wireless Engineer"
Copyright © 1987-2007
1) When electro-magnetic energy is conveyed from one
point in space to another point in space a closed loop is
required to connect the point of generation with the point of
utilization. This closed loop is called the electric circuit and
consists of a boundary formed by what have become known as
electric conductors. This boundary encloses a definite quantity
of space.
When electro-magnetic energy flows through the space enclosed
by the electric circuit phenomena take place inside the circuit
material as well as the space outside this material.
Within the circuit conductor material, during the passage of
electro-magnetic energy, this energy is continuously being
consumed within the molecular space and converted into
thermo-dynamic energy (heat). This may be represented by the
passing electro-magnetic wave dragging into the electric circuit
material. This drag is analogous to frictional losses and is
called the resistance of the electric circuit, R.
In the space outside the circuit conductor material, during
the passage of electro-magnetic energy, a condition of aetheric
stress exists, which is called the electric field of the electric
circuit. The energy contained by the electric field is
continuously being transferred through this space from the point
of generation which supplies energy to the electric field to the
point of utilization which abstracts energy from the electric
filed.
The electric field of the circuit exerts physical magnetic and
dielectric actions. The magnetic action is orientated parallel to
the surface of the conductor material (in its immediate
vicinity). That is, a needle shaped magnetic body tends to set
itself in a direction parallel to the surface of the conductor
material.
The dielectric action is orientated perpendicular to the
surface of the conductor material (in its immediate vicinity).
That is, a needle shaped dielectric body tends to set itself in a
direction perpendicular to the surface of the conductor material
Thus, the electric field of the circuit, over which passes the
flow of electro-magnetic energy, has three fundamental axes which
are at right angles with each other:
The dielectric axis, perpendicular to the conductor surface,
The magnetic axis, parallel to the conductor surface,
The electro-magnetic axis, co-axial with the direction of the
electric circuit.
The space outside of the conductor material, bounded by the
electric circuit, has the property of propagating a wavefront of
light at a definite velocity, C. This velocity is a
characteristic property of the aether in which the electric
circuit exists. The inverse square of this velocity is called the
capacitance of the electric circuit.
C = 1/c2 (4 10-9 pi-1) Farads
The capacitance is a measure of the ability to store energy in
the dielectric field of induction, of the electric circuit.
The quantity of space enclosed by the bounding electric
circuit is proportional to the total length of the electric
circuit, l1, multiplied by the distance between the
bounding conductors, l2,
l1 l2 = l02 (centimetre)2
and has the dimensions of an area. This area in square
centimetres defines what is called the inductance of the electric
circuit.
l02 = L 4 10-9 pi Henrys
The inductance is a measure of the ability to store energy in
the magnetic field of induction of the electric circuit.
Together, the capacitance and the inductance representing the
dielectric and magnetic fields of induction of the electric
circuit, serve as a measure of the propagation characteristics of
the electric circuit for the transmission of electro-magnetic
energy.
- LC = t02 , natural period
- L/C = Z02 , natural impedance
2) The popular conception of electro-magnetic energy
transmission as it exists today is; energy is transmitted through
the interior of the conductor material, that is, electricity
flows through wires like water flows through pipes. This
transmission is said to involve the flow of charged sub-atomic
particles called electrons.
According to this theory the materials possessing the most
"free electrons" serve as the best conductors of
electro-magnetic energy. Conversely, the materials possessing the
least "free electrons" serve as the poorest conductors
of electro-magnetic energy. These materials are called
insulators. Insulators are said to block the passage of
electricity.
The conclusion drawn is that electricity is the flow of
electrons and that the space outside of the conductor material is
empty and dead. It follows that a superconductor is that material
which offers no opposition to the flow of electrons and hence no
opposition to the flow of electricity. Conversely, free space
devoid of matter offers total opposition to the flow of
electricity. Nothing could be further from the truth, yet this is
the concept of electricity propounded by the scientist of today.
The real actions of the conducting material presents itself
when it is in the so-called superconducting state. If a section
of a superconducting material is suspended in space, free to
move, and a magnetic field of induction is made to approach this
material, it is found that the material is repelled by the
approach of the field. If the material is indeed superconducting
it will maintain a definite distance, l, for an indefinite period
of time t -> infinity, from the source of magnetic induction.
Any tendency for the material to sink into the magnetic field, l
-> 0, indicates the material is not perfectly superconducting
but has a finite resistance R.
It may be concluded that the so-called conducting material
does not so much conduct as it does repel or reflect magnetism,
or electro-magnetic energy in general.
If an electric circuit is conveying electro-magnetic energy as
previously discussed it is found that a force or pressure is
exerted upon the circuit material. This pressure tends to repel
opposing parts of the circuit material and cause the circuit to
expand. The quantity of this pressure in the space bounded by the
circuit is called the magneto-motive force of the circuit.
It can therefore be seen that the conducting materials serve
as the walls of a container holding magnetic pressure. If the
conducting material is in the so-called superconducting state and
the ends of the circuit are shorted the electric circuit will
hold this magneto-motive pressure indefinitely, in analogy with
compressed air stored in a tank. In order for this to be the
result of electron flow requires that this flow be in perpetual
motion, an unlikely proposition.
It may be concluded that materials called electric conductors
might best be called electric obstructors and serve not to
conduct electro-magnetism but serve to reflect it back on itself.
The flow of electro-magnetism is conducted by the aethereous
space bound by the obstructing material.
The character of this aethereous space is represented by its
inductance L and its capacitance C. Since pure space is
considered a perfect insulator by atomic theory is it not ironic
that it offers the least resistance to the flow of
electro-magnetism? It is then the insulators that are the true
conductors of electricity.
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